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Have you ever experienced pelvic pain, bloating, or a sudden sense of discomfort in your abdomen? It could be linked to ovarian cysts. 

Ovarian cysts are a common concern for women of all ages, often forming as fluid-filled sacs in or on the ovaries. While many ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve on their own, others may cause symptoms that require medical attention. 

In this article, our Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Dr Elyana, shares insights about ovarian cysts, their potential risks, and when it’s essential to seek help.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Many ovarian cysts cause no noticeable symptoms and resolve independently. However, larger cysts or those causing complications may present with:

• Pelvic pain that can range from a dull ache to sharp discomfort, typically felt on one side.
• A feeling of fullness, pressure, or heaviness in the abdomen.
• Persistent bloating.

Immediate medical help is necessary if you experience:

1. Sudden, severe abdominal or pelvic pain.
2. Pain accompanied by fever or vomiting.
3. Signs of shock, such as clammy skin, rapid breathing, or lightheadedness.

Causes of Ovarian Cysts

Most ovarian cysts form as a result of your menstrual cycle. These are called functional cysts. Other types of cysts are much less common.

Functional Cysts

Functional cysts are the most common and occur due to normal menstrual cycle processes. These include:

• Follicular cysts: These form when a follicle doesn’t rupture to release an egg, causing it to grow instead.
• Corpus luteum cysts: After the egg is released, the follicle can seal and fill with fluid, forming a cyst.

Both types are generally harmless and resolve within a few menstrual cycles.

Other Types of Cysts

• Dermoid cysts: Formed from reproductive cells, these cysts may contain tissues such as hair or teeth.
• Cystadenomas: These grow on the ovarian surface and can become quite large.
• Endometriomas: Associated with endometriosis, these cysts result from uterine-like tissue attaching to the ovary.

Some cysts, such as dermoid cysts and cystadenomas, can grow large enough to shift the ovary’s position, increasing the risk of ovarian torsion.

Risk Factors for Ovarian Cysts

Certain factors can elevate the likelihood of developing ovarian cysts, including:

1. Hormonal imbalances or use of ovulation-inducing fertility drugs.
2. Pregnancy, where a cyst may form to support the pregnancy.
3. Endometriosis, leading to tissue attaching to the ovaries.
4. Severe pelvic infections that spread to the ovaries.
5. A history of previous ovarian cysts.

Complications

Although don't happen often, complications from ovarian cysts include:

• Ovarian torsion: This occurs when a large cyst causes the ovary to twist, cutting off its blood supply. Symptoms include sudden, severe pain, nausea, and vomiting.
• Cyst rupture: A ruptured cyst can cause internal bleeding and intense pain, requiring immediate medical attention.

Prevention and Care for Ovarian Cysts

There is no definitive way to prevent ovarian cysts. However, regular pelvic exams are key to detecting changes in the ovaries early. Paying attention to persistent pelvic pain, irregular periods, and unusual menstrual symptoms—especially ones that last for several cycles—is critical.

Consult your Obstetrics and Gynaecology specialist if you experience these symptoms to stay informed and take proactive steps.

Take Charge of Your Health

Ovarian cysts are often harmless, but understanding the signs and seeking timely care can make a significant difference in maintaining your reproductive health. Schedule a consultation with an Obstetrics and Gynaecology specialist to ensure your ovarian health is in good condition.